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在英语中,be动词的省略需要根据语法结构来判断是否合适。以下是常见的省略情况:
一、作后置定语时
当被动语态或分词短语作后置定语时,be动词可以省略。例如:
*The story written by him was exciting.*
这里"written by him"是后置定语,省略了be动词。
分词短语后置定语
*The man given a praise is my uncle.*
这里"given a praise"是分词短语作后置定语,相当于"who was praised",省略了be动词。
二、完成时态中
在完成时态中,当主语为第三人称单数时,be动词可省略。例如:
*The letter has been written by him.* → *The letter written by him*
三、时间状语从句中
当从句主语与主句主语一致,且从句含be动词时,可省略主语和be动词。例如:
*When (he was) asked about the accident, he kept silent.* → *When asked about the accident, he kept silent.*
四、其他特殊情况
独立结构中的省略
在独立结构中,be动词可省略以简化表达。例如:
*If my health were better, I would join the army.*
*Asher work was done, she sat down for a cup of tea.*
*As he was elected as president, he became prudent.*
*例外情况*:当be动词后接名词时需保留,如:*When I was a boy, I liked it.*
被动语态的其他省略场景
- 前置定语:
如 *The broken glass*(破碎的杯子)
- 分词短语:如 *The man given a praise*(被表扬的男人)
注意事项
避免混淆:省略be动词时需确保句意清晰,避免产生歧义。例如,"The boy likes it"(男孩喜欢它)与"The boy is like it"(男孩像它)意义完全不同。
被动语态:主动语态中be动词通常不可省略,只有在特定结构(如后置定语、分词短语)中可省略。
通过以上规则,可以系统掌握be动词省略的适用场景。